From that time of 1 second after the Big Bang Event (BBE) to 400,000 years after the BBE, the temperature of the expanding quark-gluon fog had decreased from 10 billion degrees Centigrade to a more amenable 2,700 degrees Centigrade. This decrease in the temperature allows the electrons, sub atomic particles with a negative elementary electrical charge, to combine the previously mentioned protons and neutrons to create atoms. It is suggested that the first few elements that are created by the collection of atoms are Helium (with one atom) and Hydrogen (with two atoms). It is also suggested that light starts to begin the process of illumination.
For the next billion years, the first natural force that was separated after the BBE, gravity starts to make both Helium and Hydrogen to join together, or coalesce, to form giant clouds and this is aided by the drop in temperature from the previously recorded positive 2,700 degrees Centigrade to negative 200 degrees Centigrade. These giant clouds start to form galaxies and I don't mean the chocolate or the mobile devices! The smaller clumps of Helium and Hydrogen of gas collapse to create the first examples of stars, a massive sphere of illuminated and ionised charged particles or plasma, within the universe.
After that initial billion years, it is purported that the temperature drops further to negative 270 degrees Centigrade for the the next 13.7 billion years. This allows the previously mentioned galaxies, a massive mixed system of dust, gas and stars (as well as the remains of previously formed stars) that are conjoined by gravity as well as the recently discovered but not very well understood dark matter. It is called dark matter due to the fact that it neither emits or scatters light nor does it emit or scatter electromagnetic radiation. It is stated that 95% of all matter in the universe is either dark energy or dark matter. During this 13.7 billion years, as old stars collapse and they eject heavy elements into space and this material is recycled into new planets, this being a body that travels around either a star or the remains of a star and is neither big enough to create thermonuclear fusion, and stars.
The universe has been aged at 13.7 billion years, a year being defined at 365.25 days or 86,400 seconds, however for the sake of this blog, I am ending this section of the blog at 9.2 billion years as I am leaving 4.5 billion years for the formation of the planet we know as Earth.
I hope you are enjoying this romp through time, please add a comment if I have got things wrong or just say that you are enjoying it.
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